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The infinite monkey theorem and its associated imagery is considered a popular and proverbial illustration of the mathematics of probability, widely known to the general public because of its transmission through popular culture rather than because of its transmission via the classroom.〔Examples of the theorem being referred to as proverbial include: (Why Creativity Is Not like the Proverbial Typing Monkey ) Jonathan W. Schooler, Sonya Dougal, ''Psychological Inquiry'', Vol. 10, No. 4 (1999); and ''The Case of the Midwife Toad'' (Arthur Koestler, New York, 1972, page 30): ''"Neo-Darwinism does indeed carry the nineteenth-century brand of materialism to its extreme limits—to the proverbial monkey at the typewriter, hitting by pure chance on the proper keys to produce a Shakespeare sonnet."'' The latter is sourced from (Parable of the Monkeys ), a collection of historical references to the theorem in various formats.〕 However, this popularity as either presented to or taken in the public's mind often oversimplifies or confuses important aspects of the different scales of the concepts involved: infinity, probability, and time—all of these are in measures beyond average human experience and practical comprehension or comparison. ==Popularity== The history of the imagery of 'typing monkeys' dates back at least as far as Émile Borel's use of the metaphor in his essay in 1913, and this imagery has recurred many times since in a variety of media. *The Hoffmann and Hofmann paper (2001) referenced a collection compiled by Jim Reeds, titled 'The Parable of the Monkeys – a.k.a. The Topos of the Monkeys and the Typewriters'.〔(The Parable of the Monkeys ), as of 2007, is hosted at the website of the experimental music/dance/performance art group (Infinite Monkeys ).〕 *The enduring, widespread and popular nature of the knowledge of the theorem was noted in a 2001 paper, "Monkeys, Typewriters and Networks – the Internet in the Light of the Theory of Accidental Excellence". In their introduction to that paper, Hoffmann and Hofmann stated: "The Internet is home to a vast assortment of quotations and experimental designs concerning monkeys and typewriters. They all expand on the theory () that if an infinite number of monkeys were left to bang on an infinite number of typewriters, sooner or later they would accidentally reproduce the complete works of William Shakespeare (or even just one of his sonnets)."〔(Monkeys, Typewriters and Networks ), Ute Hoffmann & Jeanette Hofmann, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH (WZB), 2001.〕 *In 2002, a Washington Post article said: "Plenty of people have had fun with the famous notion that an infinite number of monkeys with an infinite number of typewriters and an infinite amount of time could eventually write the works of Shakespeare."〔("Hello? This is Bob" ), Ken Ringle, ''Washington Post'', 28 October 2002, page C01.〕 *In 2003, an Arts Council funded experiment involving real monkeys and a computer keyboard received widespread press coverage.〔(Notes Towards the Complete Works of Shakespeare ) – some press clippings.〕 *In 2007, the theorem was listed by ''Wired'' magazine in a list of eight classic thought experiments.〔(The Best Thought Experiments: Schrödinger's Cat, Borel's Monkeys ), Greta Lorge, Wired Magazine: Issue 15.06, May 2007.〕 *Another study of the history was published in the introduction to a study published in 2007 by Terry Butler, "Monkeying Around with Text".〔 (Monkeying Around with Text ), Terry Butler, University of Alberta, Computing in the Humanities Working Papers, 2007.〕 Today, popular interest in the typing monkeys is sustained by numerous appearances in literature, television and radio, music, and the Internet, as well as graphic novels and stand-up comedy routines. Several collections of cultural references to the theorem have been published. The following thematic timelines are based on these existing collections. The timelines are not comprehensive – instead, they document notable examples of references to the theorem appearing in various media.〔The examples included invariably refer directly to a variation on the theme of a large number of typing monkeys producing a work of literature, usually, but not always, a work by Shakespeare. Infinite libraries, and random text generation (instead of monkeys) are also included. Trivial or incomplete references are excluded.〕 The initial timeline starts with some of the early history following Borel, and the later timelines record examples of the history, from the stories by Maloney and Borges in the 1940s, up to the present day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Infinite monkey theorem in popular culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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